CRIMEAN PENISULA RUSSIA 1574 Ruscelli & Ptolemy ANTIQUE COPPER ENGRAVED MAP ANTIQUE COPPER ENGRAVED MAP OF CRIMEAN PENINSULA RUSSIA old times rare books and maps old times rare books and maps (19853) 100% positiveSeller's other itemsSeller's other itemsContact seller US $94.00 POLAND LITHUANIA LATVIA 1574 MALOMBRA/PTOLEMY SCARCE ANTIQUE COPPER ENGRAVEDMAP Description Moschovia Nuova Tavola. Description: Striking and highly detailed very interesting 1574 Girolamo Ruscelli’s copper engraved map of Moscovy. Covers modern day Russia and the Ukraine from the Arctic to the Crimea and as far east as the Caspian Sea. Interest in this area peaked in Western Europe following the discoveries of Barentz, Hudson, and others in Russian Arctic which lead to the founding of the Muscovy Company in 1555. Traders, mostly English and Dutch, discovered they could access the wealth of Eastern and Central Asia by traveling south of Nova Zembla to the Karo Sea, then south some 600 miles by river to Moscow. At this time the Russian Tzar did not yet have access to the Baltic and consequently was at the mercy of the Hanseatic League, which controlled much of the region's trade. The opening of an Arctic route to Russia and the foundation of the Muscovy Company generated enormous wealth for the princes of Russia, eventually bringing the country into the fold of the western European community. Essentially a Ptolemaic style projection, this map was engraved by Girolamo Porro and published as part of Ruscelli's Italian translation of Ptolemy's Geographia. This map is considered one of the 'New Ptolemys,' that is, one of the 38 maps of the modern world drawn by Ruscelli's to supplement the original 27 maps that traditionally existed based upon Ptolemy's texts. Italian text on the verso. Source: La Geografia di Claudio Tolomeo alessandrino giа tradotta di greco in italiano da M. Giero. Ruscelli & hora in questa nuova editione da m. Gio. Malombra ricorretta & purgata d'infiniti errori con un discorso di m. Gioseppo Moleto, in Venetia, appresso Giordano Ziletti, 1574. Date: 1574 ( undated ) Dimension: Paper size approx.: cm 29,4 x 21,8 Condition: Very strong and dark impression on good paper. Paper with chains. Sheet uncolored. Quite margin to the top. Wide lower margin. Wide lateral margins. Small foxing and browning. Map folded. Conditions are as you can see in the images. Cartographers: Girolamo Ruscelli (1500-1566) was a cartographer, humanist, and scholar from Tuscany. Ruscelli was a prominent writer and editor in his time, writing about a wide variety of topics including the works of Giovanni Boccaccio and Francesco Petrarch, Italian language, Italian poetry, medicine, alchemy, and militia. One of his most notable works was a translation of Ptolemy’s Geographia which was published posthumously. There is limited information available about Ruscelli’s life. He was born in the Tuscan city of Viterbo to a family of modest means. He was educated at the University of Padua and moved between Rome and Naples until 1548, when he moved to Naples to work in a publishing house as a writer and proofreader. He remained in the city until his death in 1566. Claudius Ptolemy (90 A.D.-168 A.D.) was a celebrated astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who lived in Alexandria in the 2nd century AD. Although his thinking influenced contemporary Arab geographers, little was known of his work in the West until manuscripts from Constantinople reached Italy in about 1400. These manuscripts were written in Greek and contained the names of every city, island, mountain and river known to the many travellers interviewed by Ptolemy. In addition, the latitude and longitude of each of the resulting eight thousand locations were also recorded. They were translated into Latin by 1401 and appeared in print by 1475. The earliest Byzantine manuscript maps, drawn by analysing the Ptolemy figures, date from the twelfth century. A number of hand-drawn copies were made in Italy throughout the early fifteenth century to accompany Ptolemys text. Ptolemy stressed the importance of accurate observations in order to calculate latitude and longitude, and laid down the principals of systematic cartography that remain to this day. Obviously there are many errors in Ptolemys maps, due to the limited extent of basic geographic information at that time and the lack of a method of determining accurate longitudes. Judged by modern standards, the basic shortcoming of the Ptolemy world map is the small area it portrays. The Mediterranean is fairly well depicted, but is greatly exaggerated in length (Longitudinally). The effect of this, combined with Ptolemys disregard for Eratosthenes extremely accurate estimate of the earths circumference (c. 200 B.C.) and the use of a Posidonius much smaller flawed estimate (c.50 B.C.) implied a much shorter distance across that part of the unknown earths surface not drawn on the map. Columbus and his contemporaries based their exploratory ventures on Ptolemys calculations and, like him, had no idea of the vast New World to the west, interposed between Europe and Asia. Work on the first printed atlas from the text of Ptolemy was started in 1473 and finally published in 1478. A crude copy of this atlas was produced and published by some dissident workers in 1477 in order to be first. However, the plates for the 1478 were done prior to the pirated issue and thus the 1478 atlas holds the title of the first Atlas of the world. There are very few surviving examples of this atlas and individual maps. Translator: Giovanni Malombra (circa 1520 – circa 1580), floruit 1574, also known as Zuan Malombra and Zuanne Malombra, Italian geographer and translator. Уникальная, подробная и очень редкая карта- оттиск с медной пластины - Московии Джироламо Ручелли (Girolamo Ruscelli) 1574 года. На карте изображена территория современной России - от Арктики до Крыма и вплоть до Каспийского моря. Интерес к этой области достиг пика в Западной Европе после открытия Баренца, Гудзона и других месторождений в Русской Арктике, что привело к основанию Московской компании в 1555 году. Торговцы, в основном английские и голландские, обнаружили, что могут получить доступ к богатствам Восточной и Центральной Европы. Азии, путешествуя к югу от Новой Земли до Карского моря, а затем примерно на 600 миль на юг по реке до Москвы. В то время русский царь еще не имел доступа к Балтике и, следовательно, находился во власти Ганзейского союза, который контролировал большую часть торговли региона. Открытие арктического пути в Россию и основание Московской компании принесли российским князьям огромное богатство, что в конечном итоге привело страну в лоно западноевропейского сообщества. Карта, составленной Птолемеем и выпущенной на латыни в Венеции 1574 годаб входила в труд «География», где подробно рассматривался и суммировался предыдущий опыт древних греко-римских учёных в этой науке. Карты Птолемея содержались в первых уменьшенных версиях карт Европы, Азии и Африки атласа не менее известного немецкого географа XVI века Меркатора. Итальянский текст на оборотной стороне. Оригинальное название:Moschovia Nuova Tavola. Источник: La Geografia di Claudio Tolomeo alessandrino giа tradotta di greco in italiano da M. Giero. Ruscelli & hora in questa nuova editione da m. Gio. Malombra ricorretta & purgata d'infiniti errori con un discorso di m. Gioseppo Moleto, in Venetia, appresso Giordano Ziletti, 1574. Дата: 1574 ( недатированная ) Размер листа: cm 29,4 x 21,8 Очень сильный и четкий оттиск на бумаге верже с водяными знаками в виде характерной "решетки". Широкие поля. Издательский фальц. Лист в отличном состоянии для своего возраста. Картограф: Джироламо Русчелли (Girolamo Ruscelli) (1500–1566) был картографом, гуманистом и ученым из Тосканы. Автор Клавдий Птолемей (Claudius Ptolemaus; около 100 г. н.э. - 170 г. н. э.) великий античный греко-египетский учёный, прославившийся как математик, астроном, географ и астролог. Родился и жил в египетском городе Александрия и его окрестностях, которые подчинялись Римской Империи. Писал на распространённом диалекте греческого языка койне. Создал несколько фундаментальных научных трудов. Наибольшей популярностью среди них пользовались «Математический трактат», «Астрологический трактат» и «География», важнейшие для поздней византийской, исламской и европейской науки. Яркий памятник одной из интереснейших для мировой культуры территории, с солидным возрастом!